Ethiopias population policy specifically aims to reduce tfr from 7. Authorship and contribution to the article is limited to the 4 authors indicated. Unintended pregnancy can have significant, negative consequences for individual. Substance use in pregnancy is associated with increased risks for antepartum haemorrhage and poor perinatal outcomes. Pregnancy induced hypertension and associated factors among.
How successfully they manage to do so is reflected in the rate of unintended pregnancies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, risk factors, and adverse perinatal outcomes of anaemia among pregnant women in moshi municipal, northern tanzania. Worldwide, the unintended pregnancy rate is approximately 45% of all pregnancies, but rates of unintended pregnancy vary in different. The third section analyzes a complex set of studies in which the intendedness of pregnancy itself is related to a variety of outcomes for both the child such as birthweight and cognitive development and parents such as educational achievement. Socioeconomic inequality of unintended pregnancy in the. However, there is scarcely nationally representative information on its prevalence and predictors in ghana. Unintended pregnancy in the united states guttmacher institute. Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant. We estimate the incidence of pregnancy by intention status and outcome at worldwide, regional, and subregional. Less scientific evidence is known on this topic, as fertility issues are rarely discussed within.
However, some develop problems during its evolution, putting both the mothers and the conceptus health at sake. According to the data, from 2010 to 2014, the unintended pregnancy rate worldwide was about 62 per 1,000 women. Even mild preterm delivery substantially increases the risk of neonatal death. Perinatal outcomes included 3 fetal growth restricted neonates, 144 preterm deliveries 36.
Risk of maternal nutritional depletion and poor outcomes. However, use of maternal health services is still very low in developing countries with high maternal mortality including ethiopia. During the interval between those two years, the global unintended pregnancy rate declined from 69 to 55 per 1,000 women aged 1544. Unintended pregnancies are defined here as being comprised of unplanned births, induced abortions, and. These point estimates relied on country level data on the incidence of unintended births and estimates or projections of abortion rates, and qualitative assessments of exchangeability to make inference from existing data to countries and. Unintended pregnancy is a major public health concern, being defined as a mistimed, unplanned or unwanted pregnancy at the time of conception. Sep 30, 2014 neonatal mortality reduction in china over past two decades was reported from nationwide sampling surveys, however, how high risk pregnancy affected neonatal outcome is unknown.
Unintended pregnancy among pregnant women in ghana. Global, regional, and national levels and causes of maternal mortality during 199020. Backgroundthe rate of unintended pregnancy in the united states increased slightly between 2001 and 2008 and is higher than that in many other industrialized countries. This statistic shows the rates of unintended pregnancy worldwide from 1990 to 2014. Singh s, sedgh g and hussain r, unintended pregnancy. Consequences of unintended pregnancy the best intentions.
Mar 05, 2018 global, regional, and subregional trends in unintended pregnancy and its outcomes from 1990 to 2014. The majority of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy gestational hypertension gh, preeclampsia pe present at term or late preterm, only 10% occur before 32 weeks. Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancies. Pregnancyspecific stress, fetoplacental haemodynamics, and. Previous estimates of global trends in unintended pregnancy were made for 1995, 2008, and 2012. Worldwide, one in five women has a child by the age of 18.
Maternal and neonatal outcomes of pregnancy in women with. Annotated bibliography birth control grant proposal. Where investments are occurring at the national and subnational level, measures of impact will ideally take place at these levels as well. Pregnancyinduced hypertension and the neonatal outcome. This statistic shows the number of unintended pregnancies in developing regions worldwide in 2017, by outcome and level of contraceptive care. Worldwide levels, trends, and outcomes,studies in family planning. The consequences of unintended pregnancies can be dire. This study aims to explain trends in unintended pregnancy and. Pdf trends and determinants of unintended pregnancy. Pdf unintended pregnancy and the role of longacting reversible. Preventing repeat abortion among women in kumasi, ghana. In the poorest regions of the world, this rises to over one in three women.
Global, regional, and national levels and trends in maternal mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenariobased projections to 2030. A significant proportion of these pregnancies result in abortion and other adverse pregnancy outcomes 1, 2. A prospective populationbased study of maternal, fetal, and. Conceptualizing and measuring unintended pregnancy and. Data in this report are drawn from two different nchs vital statistics data iles.
Unsafe abortion is risky for women with an unintended pregnancy. It is seen as a major challenge among women in many developing countries including ghana. The results shows the increase and decrease of unintended pregnancy based on idhs 2002 03. Cdcs pregnancy mortality surveillance system uses data from all u. Adverse consequences of unintended pregnancy for maternal and child health in nepal show all authors. Pregnancy is a physiological phenomenon for most women. Worldwide, 10 % of all pregnancies are complicated by hypertension, with preeclampsia and eclampsia being the major causes of maternal and prenatal morbidity and mortality 1. Current trends in narcotic use in pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Data from the 2002 national survey of family growth was used to determine the number of unintended pregnancies. To find the maternal and foetal outcomes in pregnancy induced hypertension pih. Unintended pregnancy is one of the most public health issues in the world, and it is the major sexual and reproductive health problem which carries a higher risk of morbidity and mortality for women, often due to unsafe abortion. Risk factors for and perinatal outcomes of major depression during pregnancy. In a prospective, crosssectional survey of complete birth populationbased data. More than half of women who experience an unintended pregnancy obtain an abortion in order to avoid having unwanted child.
Global, regional, and subregional trends in unintended pregnancy and its outcomes from. A multicenter national prospective study of pregnancy and. Sep 25, 2017 the timing of the first antenatal care visit is paramount for ensuring optimal health outcomes for women and children, and it is recommended that all pregnant women initiate antenatal care in the first trimester of pregnancy early antenatal care visit. The results shows the increase and decrease of unintended pregnancy based on idhs 200203. Unintended pregnancies are a global public health concern and contribute significantly to adverse maternal and neonatal health, social and economic outcomes and increase the risks of maternal deaths and neonatal mortality. A new who report shows that preconception care has a positive impact on maternal. Unintended pregnancy accounted for 44% of all global pregnancies between 2010 and 2014 and this makes up 62 unintended pregnancies per 1,000 women aged 1544 years. Systematic global analysis of early antenatal care visits has not been done previously.
However, only a small amount of the variance in outcomes can be explained by the substance use alone. Prevalence of pregnancy induced hypertension and pregnancy. The impact of us international family planning assistance. May 20, 2009 a multicenter national prospective study of pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in women with inflammatory bowel disease study is being conducted at the university of california san francisco and 30 other sites around the united states who are part of the ccfa clinical alliance. We estimate the incidence of pregnancy by intention. We draw upon multiple sources of data to estimate pregnancy incidence by intention. In 2011, the use of contraceptive methods increased sevenfold from 4. With the recently estimated abortion rates and ne w estimates of. Articles global, regional, and national levels and trends in. The objective of this study was to explore relations of pregnancy complications and neonatal outcomes from a regional birth population. Unintended pregnancy was associated with lower levels of psychological wellbeing and contraceptive use was associated with higher levels of psychological wellbeing, while number of children was not associated with level of wellbeing. Bell r1, bailey k, cresswell t, hawthorne g, critchley j, lewisbarned n. Maternal depletion of energy and protein resulting from short interpregnancy intervals or early pregnancies leads to a reduction in maternal nutritional status at conception and altered pregnancy outcomes 1, 2, 33. Developing regions worldwide unintended pregnancies by.
Estimation of high risk pregnancy contributing to perinatal. Adverse consequences of unintended pregnancy for maternal and child health in nepal. Material and methods data were obtained from the netherlands. Trends in prevalence and outcomes of pregnancy in women with. Trends in prevalence and outcomes of pregnancy in women with preexisting type i and type ii diabetes. Levels, trends and implications of unintended pregnancy worldwide background and objectives. Estimates from a bayesian hierarchical model jonathan bearak, guttmacher institute anna popinchalk, guttmacher institute leontine alkema, university of massachusetts amherst gilda sedgh. It was the objective of this study to determine the prevalence of anaemia, its risk factors and its effect on perinatal outcomes among pregnant women in their 3rd trimester, attending routine antenatal care in moshi municipality, northern tanzania. Global shifts in the timing of lifecourse events such as cohabitation, marriage, and childbearing, and declines in the desired number of children, mean that most women will spend an increasing period of their reproductive years trying to avoid pregnancy. Even though family planning services are effective and available than ever before, unintended pregnancy and unsafe abortion are the.
In senegal, unintended pregnancy has become a growing concern in public health circles. Family planning and the burden of unintended pregnancies. Bearak j, popinchalk a, alkema l, sedgh g april 2018. This doughnut shows 98% had no history of preeclampsia figure 6. Pdf unintended pregnancies are a worldwide problem, which disproportionately impact developing countries. Trends in risk of pregnancy loss among us women, 19902011. Unintended pregnancy and the changing demography of american.
We estimate the incidence of pregnancy by intention status and outcome at worldwide, regional, and subregional levels for 2008, and we assess recent trends. Anaemia in pregnancy is a public health problem in developing countries. Objectives to identify risk factors for and the consequences several adverse perinatal outcomes of physiciandiagnosed major depression during pregnancy treated in specialised healthcare. Conclusion we concluded that the prevalence of hypertension in pregnancy in thailand is dramatically increasing and is associated. Trends in pregnancies and pregnancy rates by outcome. President, american college of obstetricians and gynecologists, 2011 focus on hypertension during pregnancy among maryland women giving birth 20042010 the 2004 2010 maryland prams survey included the following question. The use of modern contraceptives is, however, much higher in the capital addis ababa. Aug 17, 2016 unintended pregnancy is a pregnancy that is either unplanned or unwanted at the time of conception, and it is a significant public health concern in the world nowadays. Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy in sub. Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancy among. The final three sections address additional consequences of unintended pregnancy. Adverse consequences of unintended pregnancy for maternal. It is obvious that postpartum contraceptive use provides numerous socioeconomic and healthy outcomes within the society as well as the country at large by decreased maternal mortality, miscarriage. Intended and unintended pregnancies worldwide in 2012 and recent trends gilda sedgh, susheela singh, and rubina hussain periodic estimation of the incidence of global unintended pregnancy can help demonstrate the need for and impact of family planning programs.
Global, regional, and subregional trends in unintended. Unintended pregnancies are pregnancies that are mistimed, unplanned or unwanted at the time of conception sexual activity without the use of effective contraception through choice or coercion is the predominant cause of unintended pregnancy. We will identify areas with notable declines in unintended pregnancy incidence, as well as those with negligible change or possibly increases. Unintended pregnancies are defined here as being comprised of unplanned births, induced abortions, and unintended pregnancy. Pregnancyspecific stress, fetoplacental haemodynamics, and neonatal outcomes in women with small for gestational age pregnancies. They proposed using the term unwanted pregnancy to refer to those pregnancies in cases where the women did not want to have more children, and mistimed pregnancy, when the mother would have liked to have them at another time, grouping both these categories within another unintended. To achieve this, the average woman spends about five years pregnant, postpartum or trying to become pregnant, and three decadesmore than threequarters of her reproductive lifetrying to avoid an unintended pregnancy.
We estimate the incidence of pregnancy by intention status and outcome at worldwide, regional, and subregional levels for 2008, and we assess recent trends since 1995. To compare these outcomes in primiparous and multiparous pih women. Having the means to monitor levels and trends in the incidence of unintended pregnancy is that much more important in the wake of the 2012 london summit on family planning, which called for heightened investments in programs that will reduce unintended pregnancy worldwide family planning 2020 n. Pregnancy induced hypertension is one of the maternal diseases that causes the most detrimental effects to the maternal, fetal, and neonatal organisms. Declines in unintended pregnancy in the united states, 2008. Official symbols of united nations documents are composed of capital letters combined with numbers, as. To find prevalence of different types of pih and to study their outcomes. Roughly, 2 million pregnancies took place globally in 2012, with 85% of all pregnancies occurring in developing or less developed countries, 56% of which occurred in asia.
Global unintended pregnancy rate 19902014 statista. We find that 2 million pregnancies occurred in 2012, up slightly from 211 million in 2008. Antenatal care attendance, institutional delivery and skilled attendance at delivery all help to improve maternal and neonatal health. Although abortion is generally safe, many women resort to unsafe. Estimates of the global and regional incidence of unintended pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes have been conducted for the years 1995 agi 1999 and 2008 singh, sedgh, and hussain 2010. Trends in contraceptive use worldwide 2015 stesaser.
Levels of repeat unintended pregnancy were greatest among black women suggesting that they may differ in their birth control decisions as well as in their access to and ability to afford family planning services. Risk factors for and perinatal outcomes of major depression. We also examine trends in unintended pregnancies and their outcomes. The benefits of maternal health care to maternal and neonatal health outcomes have been well documented. We will also discuss trends in unintended pregnancy incidence measured both as a rate and as a proportion of all pregnancies over 19952012, a nearly 20 year period. Background most american families want two children. The association of womens health, obstetric and neonatal nurses awhonn supports the inclusion of all contraceptive drugs, devices including device insertion, and related services that are approved by the u. Facts on unintended pregnancy in the united states september 20. Prevalence and determinants of unintended pregnancies amongst. Trends, levels, and outcomes january 17, 2011 family planning. Demography of unintended pregnancy the best intentions. Level, trend and correlates of mistimed and unwanted.
Cultural legacy facts on unintended pregnancy in the. Worldwide levels, trends, and outcomes we estimate the incidence of pregnancy by intention status and outcome at worldwide, regional, and subregional levels for 2008, and we assess recent trends since 1995. Each year, there are 16 million pregnancies worldwide in women and girls aged 15 to 19 years. Participants all singleton births n511 938 for 20022010 in finland. In countries like pakistan where data for the unintended pregnancies is scarce, studies are required to estimate its accurate. Intended and unintended pregnancies worldwide in 2012 and. Trends in fetal and infant survival following preeclampsia. Unintended pregnancies are a global public health concern and contribute. Oct 17, 2015 incidence of abortion among adolescents, worldwide. Information on the demography of unintended pregnancy the subject of this chapteris dominated by data from the national survey of family growth nsfg, a federallysponsored survey that has developed quite specific terminology and definitions to measure unintended pregnancy. Unintended pregnancy can carry serious consequences for women and their families.
Induced abortions are estimated by projecting from recent trends. Food and drug administration fda as covered health insurance benefits in public and private plans. The timely use of prenatal care and its effects on birth. It has often been described through the press as a sensational subject with emphasis on the multiple infanticide cases as a main consequence, especially among young unmarried girls. Analysis of demographic and health survey dhs data shows that the magnitude of unintended pregnancy in developing countries ranges from 14 % to 62 % of all births.
Prevalence and determinants of unintended childbirth in. Factors associated with unintended pregnancy among women. Pdf level, trend and correlates of mistimed and unwanted. Novel methods for capturing variation in unintended. Adverse maternal outcomes associated with fetal macrosomia. Where investments are occurring at the national and subnational level, measures of impact will ideally take place at these levels. Unintended pregnancy is seen as the key concept for better understanding the fertility and the unmet need for family planning of populations. Estimated pregnancy rates and rates of pregnancy outcomes for the united states, 19902008 pdf icon pdf.
Levels and trends in intended and unintended pregnancies. Postpartum depression among women with unintended pregnancy. At the national level, pregnancies to women who were indifferent or unsure about. Unintended pregnancies and the use of maternal health. It is also estimated that pregnancy induced hypertension pih, one. Between 199094 and 201014, the global unintended pregnancy rate declined, and the magnitude of the decline and the extent to which this corresponded with a decrease in unintended births or abortions varied across geographical areas. We draw upon multiple sources of data to estimate pregnancy incidence by intention status and outcome at worldwide, regional, and subregional levels in 2012 and to assess recent trends using previously published estimates for 2008 and 1995. Maternal nutrient depletion has been proposed as a possible cause of these poor pregnancy outcomes. This populationbased study sought to quantify maternal, fetal, and neonatal morbidity and mortality in low and middleincome countries associated with obstructed labor, prolonged labor and failure to progress olplftp. Six percent pregnant women had history of both pregnancy induced hypertension and gestational diabetes figure 5. Trends, levels, and outcomes is from the december 2010 issue of studies in family planning.
Setting data were gathered from finnish health registers for 19962010. A prospective, populationbased observational study of pregnancy outcomes was performed at seven sites in argentina, guatemala, india 2 sites, belgaum and nagpur, kenya. Incidence of abortion among adolescents, worldwide. Worldwide levels, trends, and outcomes susheela singh, gilda sedgh, and rubina hussain unintended pregnancy can carry serious consequences for women and their families. Pregnancy loss can have physical and psychological consequences for women and their families. Risk of maternal mortality is highest in girls aged pregnancy and childbirth are the major cause of death in adolescent girls in most developing countries. Maternal and perinatal outcome in pregnancies complicated with hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Department of health and human services centers for disease control and prevention. Pdf trends in risk of pregnancy loss among us women, 19902011. It is directed at young people and pursues the vision of a world where every pregnancy is wanted. Level, trend and correlates of mistimed and unwanted pregnancies among currently pregnant ever married women in india. The results show that the likelihood of a mistimed pregnancy is more prevalent among. Trends in fetal and perinatal mortality are also examined.
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